Sunday, 12 February 2023

Music Education : Symphony

 

The Symphony

 

The most famous of all musical forms. It means an orchestral composition in four sections with distinct pauses in between sections. The four sections are called movements. But there are symphonies with more or less than the standard four movements. The first movement is usually the most important movement of a symphony and it sets the mood of the whole symphony. It usually deals with two melodies or themes as they are called, which are displayed, developed and brought to a conclusion. The first movement is usually fast paced, magnificent and noble. The second movement is in contrast, lyrical, personal, meditative and slow moving. It is intimate in mood. The third movement is a dance and full of vivid motion. This dance movement has two melodies, one stated by the full orchestra and the other by a few instruments grouped together. The constant contrast that these two melodies produce is the charm of this movement. The last movement or finale is a blazing, triumphant fast paced piece of music of epical grandeur. The symphonic message is the triumph of the human will over tragedy and the infinite possibilities of human endeavor. Though there are symphonies that end tragically in a slow piece of music, most symphonies conclude with a blazing panorama of sound.

The great symphonies are the symphonies of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Bruckner, Mahler, Sibelius, Dvorak and Tchaikovsky. If you can listen to some symphonies of these composers you will get a good idea of the sound of the symphony. Symphony has become part of the English language and it means a richly blended outpouring of different strands of sound. The word symphonic suggests grand scale and size. Musically it means just that, a large scale work of tremendous passion and grandeur.

I have provided a list of 10 important symphonies below. Click on the link, you will be followed to Youtube. Track the movements and their pace each time you listen one. Sometimes the movements and their lengths are written below the Youtube title in the description section. For example, if you pick up Beethoven 3rd Symphony you will find 4 movements;

                                          0:20 I. Allegro con brio

                                         16:13 II. Marcia funebre: Adagio assai

                                         32:02 III. Scherzo: Allegro vivace

                                         37:57 IV. Finale: Allegro molto

Here, time of each movement is mentioned in HH:MM ( hour:minute) format. The term Allegro means Fast pace and Adagio means slow pace. Vivace means lively.

Likewise you can read a description of movements of each symphony from Youtube or Internet to learn the separate pace and mood of movements. About naming some symphonies as Eroica or Farewell or Unfinished, I shall share anecdotes in a separate post.

 

Ten Great Symphonies

1.      Beethoven : 3rd Symphony ‘Eroica’ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InxT4S6wQf4)

                               5th Symphony (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv2WJMVPQi8)

                               9th Symphony  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOjHhS5MtvA)

2.      Mozart :    Symphony no.40 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sGqkMU-mGQ)

                  Symphony no.25 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApvqOhbsriA&t=130s)

3.      Dvorak  : New World Symphony   (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoeDafIQvNM)

4.      Haydn : Symphony no.45 ‘Farewell’ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpD9ofCm6Ak&t=265s)

5.      Schubert : Symphony no.8 ‘Unfinished’ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW0-75f8ov4)

6.      Mendelssohn : Symphony no.4 ‘Italian’ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HX_jF1_Tgc)

7.      Tchaikovsky : Symphony no.5 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2JBT0HC98I)

 

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